Analisis Penguasaan Private Key Sebagai Bukti Penguasaan Jaminan Dalam Hukum Kebendanaan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/g2856c41Kata Kunci:
Private Key, aset digital, Jaminan Kebendaan, fidusia, Hukum KebendaanAbstrak
Munculnya teknologi blockchain dan aset digital menghadirkan tantangan besar bagi hukum properti Indonesia, yang tetap berpiat pada objek nyata. Studi ini meneliti status hukum kunci pribadi sebagai instrumen kontrol atas aset digital dan mengevaluasi potensi penggunaannya sebagai bukti kepemilikan dalam transaksi yang dijamin. Metode hukum normatif digunakan, menganalisis Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Hukum Keamanan Fidusia, Hukum Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Hukum Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan, dan peraturan sektoral, didukung oleh pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif yang merujuk pada Amerika Serikat, Inggris, dan Uni Eropa. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kunci pribadi memberikan kontrol eksklusif dan efektif atas aset digital, sehingga secara fungsional memenuhi konsep kepemilikan modern. Namun, penggunaannya sebagai bukti kepemilikan yang dijamin dibatasi oleh tidak adanya regulasi eksplisit tentang objek digital, mekanisme pengiriman, dan sistem pendaftaran untuk jaminan digital. Dibandingkan dengan perkembangan global, Indonesia menghadapi kesenjangan regulasi yang signifikan. Studi ini merekomendasikan pembentukan kerangka hukum khusus untuk aset digital, mengakui "kontrol" sebagai setara fungsional dari kepemilikan, dan mengembangkan pedoman teknis untuk penyimpanan, transfer, dan penegakan jaminan berbasis kunci pribadi untuk memastikan kepastian hukum.
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