Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Conservation
First published online in 2025 with a focus on Microbiology, Biotechnology and Conservation published 3 (three) times a year in January, May, September.
Master’s Program in Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram
Analisis Variasi dan Filogenetik Keragaman Gen 16S rRNA pada Staphylococcus aureus Berdasarkan Data NCBI
Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri patogen penting yang sering dianalisis menggunakan gen 16S rRNA karena gen ini memiliki wilayah konservatif yang stabil sekaligus daerah hipervariabel yang informatif untuk kajian filogenetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validitas data, tingkat keragaman genetik, hubungan filogenetik, serta indikasi penyebaran geografis S. aureus berdasarkan sekuens gen 16S rRNA. Sebanyak 60 sekuens gen 16S rRNA yang berasal dari berbagai benua dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan bioinformatika. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sekuens memiliki panjang yang bervariasi namun masih berada dalam rentang yang layak untuk analisis filogenetik. Multiple sequence alignment memperlihatkan dominasi nukleotida konservatif dengan jumlah SNP dan situs variabel yang relatif sedikit, menandakan tingkat keragaman genetik yang rendah pada gen 16S rRNA S. aureus. Analisis filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor-Joining dengan 500 kali bootstrap menghasilkan empat klaster utama (A–D) dengan tingkat dukungan yang bervariasi, menunjukkan adanya hubungan evolusi yang berbeda antar isolat. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa gen 16S rRNA S. aureus bersifat relatif stabil dan mendukung penggunaannya sebagai penanda molekuler untuk studi filogenetik dan epidemiologi global.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Aditio Apriesta Suharto, Dwi Cantika Juliani Putri, Padila Oktavia Ramdani, Jhulia Dwi Armayan, Faturrahman, Sarkono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Filogenetik Gen nosZ pada Bakteri Pseudomonas sebagai Denitrifikasi Nitrogen Berbahaya Berdasarkan Data Sekuens NCBI
The nosZ gene plays a crucial role in the reduction of nitrous oxide (N₂O) to dinitrogen (N₂), an environmentally benign form of nitrogen. However, the evolutionary diversity of this gene within the genus Pseudomonas has not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of the nosZ gene in Pseudomonas and to elucidate patterns of relatedness and clade differentiation associated with N₂O reduction capability within this bacterial group. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method based on nosZ nucleotide sequences obtained from the NCBI database. The results showed that the closest genetic relationships were observed among isolates belonging to the same species, including Pseudomonas lini (sp 18 and 19), P. brassicacearum (sp 6 and 7), P. grimontii (sp 16 and 17), and P. mandelii (sp 11 and 12), all of which exhibited a genetic distance of 0.00. This finding indicates a high level of sequence conservation, likely influenced by strong functional selective pressure and similar geographic origins. In contrast, the most distant genetic relationships were observed between P. mandelii (sp 11) and P. lini (sp 19) with a genetic distance of 0.5, as well as between P. brassicacearum and several other species with distances reaching up to 0.6. These results highlight significant evolutionary variation of the nosZ gene among Pseudomonas species.
Copyright (c) 2026 Inayatul Izzati, Maulida Karima, Nayla Qoni’Atun Sholehah, Faturrahman, Sarkono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Hematological Alterations Associated with Arthritis among Individuals in Karbala City
Arthritis can cause measurable hematological changes (anemia, leukocyte and platelet alterations, raised acute-phase markers). The current study aimed to evaluate hematological alterations among individuals diagnosed with arthritis in Karbala City and to compare these parameters with age- and sex-matched controls. Cross-sectional study enrolling adults (≥25 years) with clinical diagnosis of arthritis presenting to rheumatology/orthopedic clinics in Karbala Imam Hussein Medical City, Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children, and some health centers and private laboratories in Karbala Governorate during the period from December 20, 2022 to April 10, 2023, where (20). Controls: healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. Hematological tests: complete blood count (CBC) with indices, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and when available rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP. Demographics, clinical features, disease duration, and medication history collected. Primary outcomes: prevalence of anemia, leukocytosis/leukopenia, thrombocytosis/thrombocytopenia, and correlations with ESR/CRP. Statistical tests: t-test / Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Pearson/Spearman correlation, multivariable linear/logistic regression. Significance p<0.05. (placeholder-insert observed frequencies, means, and key p-values.) (placeholder-summarise main hematological alterations found and clinical implications for diagnosis/management in Karbala.)
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasan Ali Alsailawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Bioinformatika GenblaCTX-M Pengkode β-Laktamase Spektrum Luas pada Klebsiella pneumoniae Menggunakan Data GenBank NCBI
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a short rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium capable of fermenting lactose and various other carbohydrates, producing acid and gas. The blaCTX-M gene is one of the major genes responsible for β-lactam resistance in K. pneumoniae. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of the blaCTX-M gene in K. pneumoniae using nucleotide sequence data retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database. A total of 19 sequences representing isolates from different countries were aligned to identify nucleotide variations. The alignment results revealed genetic variation among the isolates, with most forming a closely related cluster indicating high sequence similarity. Eighteen isolates showed identical characteristics with minor variations, while one isolate, NG_048898, exhibited the highest number of nucleotide variations. A total of 168 nucleotide variations were identified, predominantly nonsynonymous substitutions, distributed throughout the nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbor-Joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter model supported the alignment results, showing a distinct branch for isolate NG_048898, suggesting a different evolutionary origin. These findings highlight the genetic diversity of the blaCTX-M gene in K. pneumoniae isolates and provide important insights into the distribution of β-lactamase genes, which are essential for understanding antibiotic resistance patterns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Sakila Ulfa, Gusti Ayu Niscari Dewi, Ira Firati Fionita, Faturrahman, Sarkono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Simbion Spons Spongia sp. Penghasil Antibakteri
This study aims to identify antibacterial-producing symbiotic bacteria in sponges using a molecular approach based on 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes as an initial step towards the sustainable use of marine biological resources. A total of six symbiotic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from Spongia sp. sponges and exhibited differences in colony morphology characteristics. All isolates were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The test results showed that all isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 5.0–8.5 mm against E. coli and 6.0–9.0 mm against B. subtilis. Among all isolates, Sp2 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity and was broad-spectrum, with stronger inhibitory power against Gram-positive bacteria. Isolate Sp2 was further molecularly identified using the 16S rRNA gene. Amplification results showed a DNA fragment of approximately 520 base pairs. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed isolate Sp2 within the Bacillus genus, with the closest affiliation to Bacillus subtilis and supported by high bootstrap values, indicating a strong genetic relationship. Overall, the results of this study indicate that isolate Sp2 is the most promising symbiotic bacterium of the sponge Spongia sp. as a producer of antibacterial compounds against E. coli and B. subtilis. This isolate has the potential to be further developed as a source of antibacterial bioactive compounds, thus requiring further research to identify and characterize the active compounds it produces.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latifah Ningrum Abdillah, Sri Muri Dasa Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Isolasi Bakteri Selulolitik Pada Ayam Kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik Ternak Unggas
This study aims to isolate cellulolytic bacteria derived from local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and evaluate their potential in degrading cellulose in test media (CMC). Isolation was performed from the gastrointestinal tract of local chickens, which is expected to contain microorganisms with cellulose-degrading capabilities. The results of this study showed that the isolated bacteria can effectively break down cellulose, indicating their potential as probiotics that can help improve digestive health in poultry. Cellulolytic activity was tested by measuring the clear zone formed on agar media containing cellulose. The U5 bacterial isolate exhibited the highest ability to degrade cellulose substrate on agar media, marked by a clear zone of 35 mm, followed by U3 with a zone size of 33 mm. The formation of a clear zone on the CMC test medium indicates the presence of probiotic bacterial candidates, which need to be further tested for their biochemical characteristics to determine the biochemical properties of each bacterial candidate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar Yanuarianto, Zaid Al Gifari, Budiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Fermentor terhadap Kandungan Protein Kasar, Serat Kasar, dan Lemak Kasar Jerami Jagung
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different fermentors on the crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and crude fiber (CFb) content of fermented corn straw as an alternative feed for ruminants. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Mataram, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: P0 (untreated/control), P1 (fermented with 1.5% EM4), P2 (fermented with 1.5% MA-11), and P3 (fermented with 1.5% Starbio). Fermentation lasted 21 days, followed by proximate analysis. The results showed that the type of fermentor significantly affected (P < 0.05) the nutrient composition of corn straw, with an increase in CP and CF, and a decrease in CFb. EM4 yielded the highest CP content (4.73%), while Starbio produced the highest CF content (1.42%) and the lowest CFb content (31.79%). In conclusion, fermentation using Starbio was the most effective in improving the nutritional quality of corn straw, particularly through enhanced CP and CF levels and reduced CFb content
Copyright (c) 2025 Lalu Malaya Khaerul Hardi, Oscar Yanuarianto, Zaid Al Gifari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Populasi Kutu Kebul (Bemisia sp.) dan Gejala Penyakit Virus pada Berbagai Varietas Kentang di Desa Sembalun
This study aimed to determine the presence of whitefly pests (Bemisia sp.) and the symptoms of virus diseases caused by them on several potato varieties in Sembalun Village. The research was conducted from April to June 2021 in Sembalun Timba Gading Village, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The study used an experimental design with four potato varieties: Mc. Russet (A), Ranger Russet (B), Chitra (C), and Atlantik (D). Each treatment was replicated six times, resulting in a total of 24 experimental units. The results showed that the Mc. Russet and Ranger Russet varieties were more resistant to Bemisia sp. infestations in terms of both population and attack intensity. Whitefly populations fluctuated during the observation period, with the highest recorded at 49 days after planting (DAP) on the Chitra variety (2.08 insects/plant), and the lowest on Mc. Russet (1.33 insects/plant). The highest pest attack intensity was also observed at 49 DAP on the Chitra variety (1.0%), while the lowest was on Mc. Russet (0.4%). The highest incidence of yellow virus disease, transmitted by whiteflies, was recorded at 59 DAP on the Chitra variety (4.2%), and the lowest on the Ranger Russet variety (1.6%).
Copyright (c) 2025 rani andalisa, Muhammad Sarjan, Ruth Stella Petrunella Thei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Populasi dan Tingkat Serangan Liriomyza huidobrensis pada Empat Varietas Kentang Industri di Wilayah Sembalun, Lombok Timur
This study aimed to analyze the population dynamics and attack intensity of the leafminer fly Liriomyza huidobrensis on four industrial potato varieties cultivated in Sembalun, East Lombok. A field experimental method was employed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of four treatments, namely Mc. Russet (A), Ranger Russet (B), Chitra (C), and Atlantic (D), each replicated six times to obtain 24 experimental units. The results revealed that Mc. Russet and Ranger Russet exhibited greater resistance to L. huidobrensis compared to Chitra and Atlantic. The population of the leafminer fluctuated throughout the observation period, with the highest population recorded at 63–70 days after planting (DAP) on the Atlantic variety (2.22 individuals per plant), while the lowest was observed on Mc. Russet (1.14 individuals per plant). Similarly, the intensity of attack varied among varieties, with the highest recorded on Atlantic at 63–70 DAP (4.65%) and the lowest on Mc. Russet (3.1%). These findings confirm the existence of varietal differences in resistance to L. huidobrensis and provide important implications for varietal selection in integrated pest management strategies in the Sembalun region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Malasari, Muhammad Sarjan, Kisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keanekaragaman Hama Pascapanen pada Komoditas Buah Tropis di Pasar Duman, Lombok Barat
This study aims to identify post-harvest fruit pests at Duman Market, West Lombok. The research was conducted at Duman Market, Lingsar Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, using a survey method through direct observation of infested fruits. Ten fruit commodities showing pest infestation symptoms were examined, with parameters including pest types and associated symptoms. The results revealed three pest species attacking fruits at Duman Market, namely Noorda albizonalis, Bactrocera spp., and Tirathaba ruptilinea. These findings highlight the importance of post-harvest pest management in maintaining fruit quality and minimizing economic losses, particularly in traditional markets where diverse fruit commodities are traded. The study also provides baseline data for future research and pest control strategies, supporting efforts to strengthen local agribusiness and improve the competitiveness of Indonesian tropical fruits in domestic and international markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amrul Jihadi, Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama, Gardena Aulia Rizkika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Hama Kutu Daun (Aphis Gossypii) dan Gejala Penyakit Virus yang Ditimbulkan pada Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Kentang
Potatoes are a short-lived horticultural crop with a growing period of 90–180 days, depending on the variety, and are a significant source of carbohydrates widely used as vegetables and food ingredients in several countries. Potatoes are best cultivated in highland areas or mountainous regions at altitudes above 700 meters above sea level. Various potato varieties have been developed for export, food industries, and local consumption as vegetables. In Indonesia, common varieties include Atlantik and Chitra, while Mc Russet and Ranger Russet are new industrial varieties under evaluation due to the lack of descriptive data. Superior traits in a potato variety are often associated with reduced incidence and severity of pests and diseases. A study aimed to examine the population and intensity of aphid (Aphis gossypii) infestations and virus symptoms across potato varieties was conducted from April to June 2021 in Sembalun Village, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, using a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments Mc Russet, Ranger Russet, Chitra, and Atlantik each repeated six times, resulting in 24 experimental units. The findings indicated significant differences in pest populations, infestation intensity, and virus symptoms among varieties, with Atlantik having the highest pest population (10 pests/plant) and infestation intensity (2.93%), while Ranger Russet had the lowest (3.42 pests/plant and 1.57%). Virus symptoms were most severe in Chitra (PVY 6.05%, PLRV 5.79%) and least severe in Ranger Russet (PVY 3.19%, PLRV 2.27%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nur Qoim, Muhammad Sarjan, Hery Haryanto, Ruth Stella Petrunella Thei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Respon Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap Pakan Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) dengan Dosis Berbeda
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, valued for its high nutritional content, rapid growth, and disease resistance. However, pathogenic infections such as Vibrio spp. can cause mortality rates of up to 100% within a day, necessitating strategies to enhance immune function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating Jatropha curcas leaf extract into feed on the growth performance and survival of L. vannamei. The experiment was conducted for 60 days using a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments: control (no extract), 1%, 2%, and 3% J. curcas leaf extract, each with three replicates. Parameters measured included absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR). Results showed that the 3% treatment (JC3) achieved the highest absolute weight gain (6.37 g), significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control and JC1, but not significantly different from JC2. The highest SGR was also recorded in JC3, while the lowest FCR (1.2) was observed in JC3, which was not significantly different from the control. The improved growth performance with J. curcas supplementation is likely attributed to its bioactive compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids, which possess antibacterial and immunostimulant properties, thereby enhancing shrimp health and feed utilization efficiency. This study recommends a 3% inclusion level of J. curcas leaf extract in feed as an optimal dose to support the growth of L. vannamei.
Copyright (c) 2025 bagus ansani takwin, Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Limbah Batang Tembakau Virginia terhadap Serangan Hama Pengisap Daun (Thrips Palmi) Pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)
This study aims to determine the effect of several concentrations of botanical pestisides from virginia tobacco stem waste to the leaf-sucking pests (Thrips palmi) on potato plants. This exteriment was carried out from August to November 2020 in Sembalun Bumbung Village, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The method use in this study is an experimental method with field experiments and the design used is a Rendomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments, P0 (control), P1 (abamectin), P2 (botanical pesticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 2 ml/L), P3 (botanical pesticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 4 ml/L), P4 (botanical pesticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 6 ml/L) and P5 (botanical pesticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 8 ml/L). each treatment had 3 replications so that 18 experimental plots were obtained. The result showed that the concentration of Virginia tobacco stem pesticide was more effective in controlling the populations of Thrips palmi than other Virginia tobacco stem pesticide concetrations. However, the Virginia tobacco stem waste botanical pesticide was not effective on controlling the intensity of T. palmi
Botanical Pesticides Virginia Tobacco Stem Waste
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiwin Adhia Nirmala, Muhammad Sarjan, Hery Haryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mangrove Conservation Model Based on Pentahelix Approach: Lesson Learned from Various Countries
Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation. However, their degradation due to deforestation, land conversion, and pollution remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a mangrove conservation model based on the Penta helix approach, which integrates the collaboration of five key stakeholders: government, private sector, academia, community, and media. The model emphasizes a multi-stakeholder synergy to enhance policy implementation, sustainable economic incentives, scientific research, local engagement, and public awareness. Through qualitative analysis and case studies, this research identifies challenges such as regulatory gaps, conflicting interests, and limited community participation. The findings suggest that a well-coordinated Pentahelix framework can strengthen conservation efforts, promote sustainable livelihoods, and improve mangrove ecosystem resilience. The study concludes that effective governance, corporate responsibility, scientific contributions, community empowerment, and media advocacy are essential for the long-term sustainability of mangrove conservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Bai’ul Hak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Land Cover Change in Aik Berik Village Area, Central Lombok Regency
Land cover change in tourist areas is often an important issue related to the impact of human activities on the environment. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the Aik Berik Village area, Central Lombok Regency, by utilizing remote sensing technology and Geographic Information System (GIS). Multitemporal satellite image data is used to identify types of land cover, such as forests, agricultural land, built land, and open land, over a period of time. Spatial analysis is carried out to determine the pattern of change and the factors that affect it. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant change in land conversion, with the conversion of forest areas into plantations, rice fields, and built-up land. Despite this, most of the forest area has been preserved thanks to natural regeneration factors and community-based management. In addition, some plantation areas have changed their function to rice fields and built land, while savanna areas are relatively stable. These changes have the potential to affect the quality of ecosystems and the hydrological cycle of the region. The success of Aik Berik Village in maintaining forests and springs that are vital to the community shows the importance of sustainable and community-based land management.
Forest, Central Lombok, Plantation, Savannah, Land Cover.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anis Syakiratur Rizki Anis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APLIKASI PUPUK KOHE KAMBING YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR Streptomyces sp. DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BERCAK UNGU DAN MATI PUCUK PADA TANAMAN BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L)
This study aims to determine whether the application of fermented goat manure with Streptomyces sp. bioactivator can control purple blotch (Alternaria porri) and top dieback (Phytophthora porri) diseases in garlic plants (Allium sativum L). The research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, and on a farmer's paddy field located in Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok Regency. The study was carried out from May to November 2024. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments: P0 (no fertilizer), P1 (goat manure without bioactivator), P2 (goat manure + SH isolate), P3 (goat manure + BSi isolate), P4 (goat manure + BSc isolate), and P5 (goat manure + SH isolate + liquid SH). Each treatment was repeated six times, resulting in 36 experimental units/plots. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, followed by the Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that applying fermented goat manure with Streptomyces sp. bioactivator affected the growth of garlic plants but did not affect the yield of garlic plants (Allium sativum L). The treatment with goat manure + BSi isolate (P3) showed the highest value in plant growth, while the treatment with goat manure + SH isolate + liquid SH (P5) showed the highest yield. Meanwhile, the incidence of purple blotch disease was not affected by the application of fermented goat manure with Streptomyces sp., but it successfully reduced the incidence of top dieback disease in garlic plants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elsa Damayanti , Hery Haryanto, Irwan Muthahanas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potensi Anti Xanthomonas dari Bakteri Rizosfer Tanaman Kankung Pagar (Ipomoea carnea)
The plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that causes damage to plant leaves. This particular disease can result in significant economic losses and a reduction in the quality of agricultural products. An alternative method of dealing with this bacteria is to utilise the rhizosphere of kale (Ipomoea carnea) as a biological control. The objective of this study was to ascertain the antibacterial potential of the rhizosphere bacteria of kale (Ipomoea carnea) against the Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and to identify isolates with enhanced antibacterial efficacy against Xanthomonas campestris using the well diffusion method. A total of 13 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of kale, exhibiting distinctive round colonies, flat edges, and a white or cream colouration. A total of 12 gram-negative isolates and one gram-positive isolate were identified. The highest inhibitory activity against X. campestris was demonstrated by isolates R1, R3, and R11, with an average inhibitory zone diameter of 20.01 mm, 20.79 mm, and 20.57 mm, respectively. These values fell into the very strong inhibition category.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurmaliana Asmayani, Tri Wahyu Setyaningrum, A.A. Ngurah Nara Kusuma, Nur Indah Julisaniah, Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama, Wanda Qoriasmadillah, Faturrahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Spider Diversity in Potato Plants Applied with Some Concentrations of Botanical Pesticides Virginia Tobacco Stem Waste
This study aims to determine the effect of applying various concentrations of botanical pesticides derived from Virginia tobacco stem waste on the diversity of spiders in potato plants. The research was conducted in Sembalun Bumbung Village, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The method employed was an experimental method with field trials, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments: P0 (control), P1 (abamectin), P2 (Virginia tobacco stem extract 2 ml/L), P3 (Virginia tobacco stem extract 4 ml/L), P4 (Virginia tobacco stem extract 6 ml/L), and P5 (Virginia tobacco stem extract 8 ml/L). The experiment was conducted in three blocks, resulting in 18 experimental units. The results showed that the application of various concentrations of botanical pesticides from Virginia tobacco stem waste did not significantly affect spider diversity in potato plants. However, the P3 treatment (Virginia tobacco stem extract 4 ml/L) exhibited a higher tendency in population, diversity index, abundance index, and dominance index compared to other treatments.
Botanical Pesticides Virginia Tobacco Stem Extract
Copyright (c) 2025 ahmad Fauzan, Bambang Supeno, Muhammad Sarjan; Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Limbah Batang Tembakau Virginia Terhadap Keragaman Kumbang Koksi Sebagai Predator Hama Pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.)
This study aims to determine the effect of vegetable pesticides from virginia tobacco stem waste on the diversity of the koksi beetle predators on potato plants. The method used is an experimental method with direct experiments in the field. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RAK) with 6 treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (abamectin), P2 (vegetable insecticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 2 ml/l), P3 (vegetable insecticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 4 ml/l). l), P4 (vegetable insecticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 6 ml/l), and P5 (vegetable insecticide of Virginia tobacco stem waste 8 ml/l). This research was conducted in Sembalun Bumbung Village, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara from August 2020 to November 2020. The results showed that treatment at the concentration of P5 (vegetable pesticide from virginia tobacco stem waste 8 ml/l) showed a suppression value. The diversity and abundance index of the predators of the koksi beetle were the most influential compared to the treatment of several concentrations of other vegetable pesticides, while the application of botanical pesticides with various concentrations was not able to suppress the predatory population of the koksi beetle in the species Cheliomenes sexmaculata and Coccinella transveralis and was able to suppress the population of Coleophora inaqualis. Cheilomenes sexmaculata species has the highest population compared to the other 2 species.
Vegetable Pesticides from Virginia Tobacco Stem Waste
Copyright (c) 2025 Lutfi Maulana Aziz, Muhammad Sarjan, Hery Haryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keanekaragaman Artropoda Predator pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) yang Diaplikasikan Pestisida Nabati Batang Tembakau dan Mimba
This study aims to determine the diversity, evenness, dominance and abundance of predatory arthropods in potato plants that have been applied with plant pesticides from tobacco stems and neem. This research was conducted in June-August 2022 on land owned by farmers in the Sembalun Bumbung area, Sembalun District. This study used an experimental method with field and laboratory experiments. The experimental design used in this study was RAK (Randomized Block Design) with 4 treatments (control, chemical pesticide abamectin, tobacco pesticide and neem pesticide) with 4 repetitions. Observations in the field were carried out 10 times with an interval of 1 time a week. The results of this study found 26 species of predatory arthropods belonging to 18 Families, 7 Orders and 2 Classes. The total number of individual predatory arthropods found was 662 individuals. The value of the diversity index (H') ranges from 1.59-1.88 which is classified as moderate. The value of the € evenness index ranges from 0.49-0.59 which is quite even. Dominance index values (D) ranged from 0.21-0.31 which indicated that no single species was too dominating. Abundance index (K) values ranged from 14,898-32,345 with the highest abundance in the neem plant pesticide treatment. The results of the ANOVA test analysis showed that all treatments had significant differences, so a BNJ (Honest Significant Difference) follow-up test was carried out with a level of 5%. Further test results showed no significant differences in diversity, evenness and dominance, but significantly different in abundance
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Muslihan Rizky, Muhammad Sarjan, Ruth Stella Petrunella Thei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sifat Mekanik Edible Film Berbasis Protein dengan Penggunaan Konsentrasi Plasticizer Sorbitol yang Berbeda
Edible film is a type of biodegradable packaging that can be an alternative to food packaging material to reduce environmental damage and maintain food product’s shelf life, quality, and safety. This research aims to determine the effect of the mechanical properties of protein-based edible film using different concentrations of sorbitol plasticizer on edible film thickness, gelation time, and film microstructure. To make edible films, the research material consists of sorbitol, whey protein, gelatin, distilled water, and silica gel. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with three sorbitol plasticizer treatments consisting of P1:35%, P2:40%, P3:45%, and three replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using the SPSS program. The research results showed that the use of sorbitol plasticizer with different concentrations gave a very significant difference (P<0.01) to P1 and P3, but P2 was not significantly different from the thickness of the edible film. The gelation time did not make a difference (P>0, 05), which is real, but adding different sorbitol to the edible film microstructure can produce varying microstructures. From the research results, the average values for edible film thickness are 0.053, 0.078, and 0.113 mm, while the gelation time produces average values of 19.33, 13.33, and 19 minutes. This research concludes that using different sorbitol concentrations provides a very significant difference in film thickness; however, unlike the gelation time, which does not make a difference, the microstructures produce varying microstructures.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Fitri, Fahrullah, Wahid Yulianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penampilan Karakter Agronomi Beberapa Genotipe Mutan Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Baas Selem Generasi Kedua (M2) Hasil Induksi Mutasi
This study aims to determine the differences in the appearance of agronomic characters of several genotypes of rice mutants (Oryza Sativa L.) The second generation Baas Selem (M2) is the result of mutation induction. This research was conducted in June 2021 - October 2021 in Nyiur Lembang Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency. The methods used were group random design (RAK) and Augmented Design with the treatment used, namely 24 genotypes of second generation Baas Selem rice seeds (M2) with control plants. The control plant repeated 3 times, while the mutant plant was 1 time, in its application using an augmented design. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and BNT at the level of 5%. The results showed that Baas Selem rice mutants differed markedly in all observed agronomic characters, from plant height, flag leaf area, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of grain contained, number of empty grains, weight of grain contained, weight of empty grain, weight of grain 100 seeds, flowering age of harvest age and panicle length.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faihrorrozy, Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini, I Ketut Ngawit, Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Karakterisasi Hama Baru Spodoptera Frugiperda Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Di Lombok Barat
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main food crop in Indonesia after rice, but is vulnerable to attack by plant pests (OPT), including Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive insect that attacks corn plants. This research aims to observe the population, level of attack and characteristics of the pest of S. frugiperda in West Lombok Regency. Based on observations, the eggs of this pest are brownish white, round in shape, and have an average size of 0.33 mm × 0.47 mm. The male pupa is reddish brown with dimensions of 14.25 mm × 4.32 mm, while the female pupa is larger, namely 17.53 mm × 5.13 mm. Larvae are found in various instars (2-6) with sizes from 1.53 mm to 35.16 mm, and colors varying from light green to dark brown. Male imagos are smaller than females, with a length of 12.45 mm and a wingspan of 27.73 mm, while female imagos have a size of 14.38 mm and a wingspan of 31.47 mm. The highest population was found at location 3 with 123 larvae, while the lowest population was at location 13 with 1 larva. The highest attack rate occurred at location 7 (50%) and the lowest at location 11 (5%). The observation method includes assessing the level of damage based on the attack intensity score (0–4). This research proposes further studies to understand the distribution and control mechanisms of S. frugiperda in order to minimize its impact on corn cultivation, especially in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erwin Juwanda, Bambang Supeno, Hery Haryanto, Muhammad Hari Aditia Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Anatomi Organ Vegetatif Tumbuhan Rija-Rija (Scleria melaleuca) di Kawasan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKM) Pusuk Lestari, Lombok Barat
Cyperaceae is a plant species that belongs to the sedges family and is characterised by a triangular stem. The sedges plant is frequently observed in rice fields and under the shade of trees, including Scleria melaleuca.The objective of this study is to ascertain the anatomical characteristics of S. melaleuca.The study employed a descriptive exploratory research method and was conducted at the Advanced Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram. The S. melaleuca plant samples were collected from the Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKM) Pusuk Lestari Area in Batu Layar, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The samples included the root organs, stems, leaves and seeds. The samples were preserved in 70% alcohol and sliced using the hand-free section method. The results of the study demonstrated that the S. melaleuca exhibited distinctive characteristics, including the presence of bulliform cells between the leaf epidermis, the presence of both long and short cells, closed concentric vascular bundles in the stems, a triangular stem shape, and amphicribal vascular bundles in the roots.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tri MULYANINGSIH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0