The Journal of Fish Nutrition (JFN) has an objective to publish and provide high-quality scientific contributions to the field of fish nutrition. These contributions are sourced from innovative research that encourages science and technology development in the field of fish nutrition on a national and international scale. This journal serves as a communication medium for researchers, academics, students, and communities.
EFFECTIVENESS OF Chaetoceros sp. CULTURE AS LIVE FEED FOR PEARL OYSTER: COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD METHODS
Chaetoceros sp. is an important microalga in aquaculture that requires culture system optimization to enhance productivity and production efficiency. This study aimed to analyze the growth dynamics of Chaetoceros sp. in laboratory and outdoor culture systems and evaluate growth parameters and water quality factors affecting culture productivity. The study employed a completely randomized design with two treatments: laboratory culture (environmental control) and outdoor culture (natural conditions). Parameters observed included population density, relative growth, specific growth rate, doubling time, and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, light intensity) over 4 days of cultivation. Laboratory culture demonstrated superior performance with maximum population density of 3.60 × 10⁶ cells/ml, relative growth of 105.7 ± 12.27, specific growth rate of 19.7 ± 1.8%, and doubling time of 3.88 ± 0.34 days. Outdoor culture yielded maximum density of 3.28 × 10⁶ cells/ml, relative growth of 87.1 ± 12.44, specific growth rate of 16.9 ± 2.0%, and doubling time of 4.49 ± 0.51 days. Both methods achieved optimal exponential phase on day 3. Water quality parameters showed better stability in laboratory culture with lower variability. Strict environmental control in laboratory culture can reduce growth variability and improve predictability of Chaetoceros sp. culture results. Although laboratory culture is more technically efficient, outdoor culture remains viable for community applications considering cost efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Fish Nutrition
CULTIVATION OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FRY IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM AND AERATION SYSTEM MEDIA
Tilapia, as a high-value consumption fish, is one of the main reasons why fish farmers choose it as a key aquaculture commodity whose cultivation technology continues to be developed. Flow-through water system is one of the commonly used methods in tilapia farming in Indonesia. However, this method has several drawbacks, such as the continuous use of large volumes of water. Additionally, the environmental impact is a concern, as uneaten feed and feces discharged through the pond's outlet can pose a threat to the surrounding environment. To address these issues, technological advancements in tilapia farming continue to be developed, including the implementation of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) and aeration systems. The use of these two technologies aims to improve water quality, reduce excessive water usage, and minimize environmental impacts associated with tilapia aquaculture activities. This study compares the two systems—RAS and aeration—using tilapia fingerlings measuring 5–6 cm over a 20-day cultivation period. Water quality and growth data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that ammonia levels in the RAS system reached 0.08 mg/L, which falls within the optimal range for tilapia cultivation. In contrast, the aeration system showed ammonia levels of 1.6 mg/L, which exceeds the optimal threshold. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that tilapia fingerling cultivation using the RAS system is more effective at stabilizing and reducing ammonia levels in the culture medium compared to the aeration system.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF KETAPANG LEAF EXTRACT (Terminalia catappa) ON THE GROWTH AND PROFILE OF BACTERIA IN THE MAINTENANCE OF INDIAN BOTIA FISH LARVAE (Botia lohachata)
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa) as an agent to enhance the survival and growth of Botia india (Botia lohachata) larvae, as well as its effect on the bacterial profile in the rearing medium. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five different treatment doses of ketapang leaf extract, namely 0 g/L (control), 0.3 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 0.9 g/L, and 1.2 g/L, each replicated three times. The observed parameters included survival rate, growth (absolute weight and absolute length), and the total bacterial count in the rearing medium. The results showed that the administration of ketapang leaf extract had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the survival, absolute weight, and absolute length of Botia india larvae. The treatment with a dose of 0.3 g/L resulted in the highest survival rate, reaching 95%, with an average larval absolute weight of 0.132 g and an absolute length of 1.35 cm. Quantitative analysis of the bacterial count showed that the administration of ketapang leaf extract, especially at a dose of 0.3 g/L, effectively suppressed bacterial growth in the rearing medium compared to the control group. Conversely, higher doses of ketapang leaf extract (0.9 g/L and 1.2 g/L) showed a tendency towards decreased effectiveness. The conclusion of this study is that ketapang leaf extract can be utilized as a natural alternative to improve the survival, growth, and health of Botia india larvae, with an optimal dose of 0.3 g/L. The utilization of ketapang leaf extract in ornamental fish farming can reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals that have potentially harmful environmental effects.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENCES IN FEEDING OF TRASH FISH AND BROWN SHELLS (Mytilopsis adamsi) ON THE GROWTH OF MUDGROVEL CRAB (Scylla paramamosain)
Mangrove crab is one of the leading export commodities in the fisheries sector which has a fairly high selling price at the farmer level. This commodity has great potential to be cultivated in the Asia-Pacific region. However, mangrove crab production in Indonesia is currently still dominated by wild catches because its cultivation activities have not developed optimally. to determine the effect of feeding trash fish and brown mussels on the growth and survival of Mangrove Crabs (S. paramamosain). This study was conducted for 90 days from December 2024 to March 2025. The research location was in the ponds of Candi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The research method used 2 treatments, namely trash fish and brown mussels, each of which was repeated 20 times so that 40 experimental units were obtained according to the number of crabs, the treatments tested were trash fish (R) and brown mussels (K). The research data were analyzed using statistical analysis at a real level of 5%. the analysis used to test the results of the experiment was the t-test. The data tested t is the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) value, absolute weight growth, relative weight growth, and crab molting frequency using the mhen withny test while the survival rate (SR) data is analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that the absolute, relative, specific weight growth of crabs, molting frequency and survival given feed using brown mussels were higher than those given feed using trash fish. Feeding brown mussels resulted in better absolute, relative, specific growth, molting frequency and survival compared to feeding trash fish on the growth of mangrove crabs. Water quality measurements were within the normal range for the life of mangrove crabs. Keywords: Trash Fish, Mangrove Crabs, Brown Mussels, Molting, Growth
Biomass Production and Agar Yield of Gracilaria sp. Under Varying TAN Concentrations
Gracilaria sp. is a type of agar-producing seaweed that is widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, Gracilaria sp. plays a crucial role in absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, thereby helping to maintain the balance of aquatic ecosystems. This research aimed to analyze the biomass and agar yield content of the seaweed Gracilaria sp. by fertilizing with different TAN concentrations. This research was carried out from August to November at the Aquaculture Environmental Laboratory, Mataram University. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) concentration treatments: P0 (control), P1 (0.01 mg/L), P2 (0.025 mg/L), P3 (0.050 mg/L), and P4 (0.975 mg/L), each with three replications. Parameters observed included absolute weight, specific growth rate (LPS), thallus length, survival, agar yield, and water quality. The results showed that the addition of different TAN concentrations did not have a significant effect on seaweed growth based on the ANOVA test at the 0.05 level. The results of the 2nd-order polynomial regression analysis showed that there was a strong relationship with agar yield, a moderate relationship with growth, and a weak relationship with thallus length with TAN concentration. This research concluded that the TAN concentration used was not able to provide nutrients for growth, but only to maintain life.
OPTIMIZING THE BREEDING AND REARING TECHNIQUES OF TRANSGENIC GLOFISH TETRA (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) IN TROPICAL FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
The transgenic GloFish Tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), engineered to express fluorescent proteins, is increasingly popular in the global ornamental aquaculture industry. However, optimized protocols for its breeding and larval rearing under tropical freshwater conditions remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substrate type and larval stocking density on reproductive performance, larval survival, growth, feed utilization, and fluorescent color intensity in GloFish Tetra. A 3×3 factorial experiment was conducted at a tropical hatchery in Indonesia using three substrate types—no substrate (S0), artificial fiber mat (S1), and natural aquatic vegetation (Hydrilla verticillata, S2)—combined with three stocking densities: 15, 10, and 5 larvae per liter. Key parameters, including fecundity, fertilization rate, hatchability, survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and color intensity (∆E), were measured and statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results demonstrated that the S2-D5 treatment (natural vegetation with low density) significantly improved fecundity (330.2 ± 10.8 eggs), hatchability (82.3 ± 2.7%), SGR (4.30 ± 0.11%/day), and color intensity (∆E = 17.6 ± 1.0), while achieving the lowest FCR (1.31 ± 0.07). In contrast, high-density and substrate-free conditions (S0-D15) yielded the poorest performance across all metrics. These findings underscore the crucial role of environmental enrichment and density management in enhancing both biological and aesthetic traits in GloFish Tetra. This study presents a validated protocol for enhancing hatchery success and improving the ornamental quality of transgenic fish in tropical aquaculture systems.
Catfish Cultivation System (Clarias sp.) in Tarpaulin Ponds with Nano Bubble Technology
Catfish (Clarias sp.) farming is one of the fastest-growing aquaculture sectors in Indonesia. However, a major challenge in this industry is water quality deterioration, particularly low dissolved oxygen levels, which can cause stress, disease, and reduced fish productivity. Nano bubble technology offers an innovative solution to increase dissolved oxygen levels more efficiently than conventional aeration methods. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing various journals and scientific sources related to the application of nano bubble technology in catfish farming. The findings indicate that nano bubble technology can increase dissolved oxygen levels by up to 30% compared to conventional aeration, reduce toxic compounds such as ammonia and nitrite, and improve feed efficiency and fish growth. Additionally, nano bubbles enhance fish survival rates by up to 40% and reduce water pollution. Given these benefits, this technology has the potential to be an effective solution for improving the productivity and sustainability of catfish farming in Indonesia.
ANALYSIS OF THE DECREASE IN THE QUALITY OF SKIPJACK TUNA STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
The objective of this research was to determine the decline in freshness of skipjack tuna stored at room temperature. Fish freshness testing was carried out using organoleptic tests such as eyes, gills, odor and texture of the fish, as well as counting the number of bacteria taken from the gills of skipjack tuna. Skipjack tuna was taken from 3 different markets in Mataram City. Observations on the fish were carried out twice, the first in the morning after the fish was taken from the market at 09.00 WITA and the second observation at 15.00 WITA. The results of the study showed that in the morning the skipjack tuna was in a condition of declining quality freshness, then during the day the quality of the skipjack tuna decreased further with a condition that was almost rotten. The results of observations of total bacteria also showed that in the morning the total bacteria had passed the predetermined threshold and during the day the number of bacteria increased until it could not be counted.
THE ROLE OF BINDERS IN FEED FORMULATION FOR MANGROVE CRAB (SCYLLA SPP.) AQUACULTURE: A REVIEW OF SYNTHETIC, NATURAL, AND ECO-BASED INNOVATIONS
The mangrove crab (Scylla spp.) is a high-value aquaculture commodity, where feed quality—particularly the binder component—significantly influences farming success. This article reviews the role of various binders in mangrove crab feed formulations, including synthetic binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), natural binders (seaweed meal, agar, gelatin), and recent innovations such as fermented food waste and combinations with probiotics or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil. Binders not only maintain feed stability in water but also affect growth, survival rate, feed efficiency (FCR), and immune response in crabs. Synthetic binders like CMC exhibit high stability (>24 hours) but are costly and less environmentally sustainable, whereas natural binders such as Gracilaria and agar offer a balance between stability, eco-friendliness, and additional nutritional benefits. The integration of binders with probiotics or BSFL oil has been shown to enhance immunity and growth performance. Binder selection should align with the farming phase—for instance, agar and gelatin are recommended for larval stages, while cornmeal and soy protein concentrate (SPC) are suitable for grow-out phases. This article also provides practical recommendations based on farming objectives, such as using natural binders to reduce water pollution or combining CMC with probiotics for intensive farming systems. This review is expected to serve as a guideline for farmers in selecting optimal binders to support efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable mangrove crab aquaculture.
Evaluation of Maggot (Hermetia illucens) Substitution with Pellet Feed on the Growth of Maru Fish (Channa marulioides) Fry as an Initial Domestication Effort
The maru fish, Channa marulioides, is one of the native fish species of Indonesia that inhabits the Kapuas River in West Kalimantan. In addition to being consumed by local people, maru fish also has an export market as an ornamental fish. The market demand for maru fish is still met from wild catches. Excessive exploitation and a lack of environmental carrying capacity will increasingly threaten the existence of the maru fish in the wild. The continuous population decline can lead to the extinction of fish species. Therefore, before extinction, domestication needs to be carried out through cultivation activities. Currently, the alternative feed commonly used in the maintenance of maru fish seeds is dry maggots. However, maggots have not been optimally used as the main feed. This study aims to evaluate the substitution of dry maggots with commercial pellets in maru fish seeds as an initial domestication effort. Maru fish seed maintenance was carried out for 90 days. The seeds come from natural catches in the Kapuas River, West Kalimantan. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in this study was a combination of dry maggots and pellets. Treatment M100 (100 % dry maggot), Treatment M75P25 (75 % dry maggot + 25 % pellets), Treatment M50P50 (50 % dry maggot + 50 % pellets) and Treatment M25P75 (25 % dry maggot + 75 % pellets). Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that seeds maintained with 50 % dry maggot + 50 % pellet feed had the lowest final growth, final growth rate, feed efficiency and FCR compared to other treatments.
IDENTIFICATION OF VNN USING PCR METHOD IN HYBRID GROUPER (E. FUSCOGUTTATUS × E. LANCEOLATUS): A CASE STUDY AT BPBAP SITUBONDO
Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), caused by betanodavirus, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus), with mortality rates reaching 100% in larval and juvenile stages. This study aimed to develop a VNN detection protocol based on Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BPBAP) in Situbondo, East Java, from February to April 2024. The methodology included necropsy for sampling brain and eye tissues, RNA extraction using a silica-based method, two-step amplification (RT-PCR and nested PCR), and visualization of results through 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The findings revealed that 2 out of 10 hybrid grouper samples (20%) tested positive for VNN, with the detection of a specific 294 bp DNA band. The developed protocol demonstrated high sensitivity (CT values of 18–22 cycles) and optimal specificity, with no false-positive results. Temporal analysis suggested a periodic infection pattern with an 8-week interval. These results confirm the endemicity of VNN at BPBAP Situbondo and underscore the importance of early detection to prevent mass outbreaks. This study recommends implementing the protocol as part of a molecular-based disease surveillance system, along with further development using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for quantitative analysis. The findings are expected to support sustainable VNN control programs in hybrid grouper aquaculture.
Literature Review: Processing of Feed Ingredients Derived from Crustaceans into Chitin and Chitosan
Chitin and chitosan are polysaccharides from the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, chitin has several benefits if added to fish feed including functioning as a source of fiber that can improve digestion in fish, increase metabolism, and support the immune system of fish. However, with its high fiber content, chitin needs to be simplified into chitosan so that it is easier to process by the fish's digestive system, with the extraction method using chemical compounds, we can get pure chitosan that can be applied to fish feed. The purpose of this review is to determine the best dose of adding chitin or chitosan to fish feed, the method used is a descriptive method through a literature review study of various research journals. The effective dose obtained in this review is the addition of chitin around 0.04% - 8%, while for chitosan it ranges from 4% - 10%.
PEMBERIAN PAKAN PADA PENDEDERAN IKAN GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata) DI INSTALASI BBI LINGSAR, LOMBOK BARAT
Kegiatan pendederan merupakan salah satu rangkaian kegiatan dalam budidaya yang melibatkan kontrol aktif pada kualitas air dan nutrisi yang diberikan pada anakan ikan dalam fase larva dan benih menuju tingkatan semi dewasa, pendederan berlaku bagi ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias. Tujuan dari kegiatan pendederan guppy adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan dari DOC 1-30 dari tanggal 24 juni – 24 juli 2024 bertempat di BBI Lingsar, kegiatan ini menggunakan metode pengamatan deskriptif yang dimana hasil yang didapat akan dikaji dan diperkuat dengan tinjauan pustaka yang bersumber dari studi literatur dan penelitian terdahulu. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi persiapan wadah, pendederan benih, pemberian pakan, monitoring kualitas air dan pengamatan kelangsungan hidup adalah 91,1%, panjang mutlak 1,4 cm dan berat mutlak 0,14 g dengan kualitas air menunjukan nilai 25 °C untuk suhu, pH 7,3 dan Do dengan nilai 7,6 mg/l yang dimana hasil ini menunjukan nilai yang optimal.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Fish Nutrition
Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan terhadap Pertumbuhan Budidaya Ikan Komet (Carassius auratus) Di Lingsar, Lombok Barat
Indonesia yang beriklim tropis memiliki potensi ikan hias mencapai 300 juta ekor pertahun dan terdiri atas 240 jenis ikan hias laut dan 226 jenis ikan hias air tawar. Ikan hias merupakan komoditas perikanan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia dan memiliki peluang pasar yang besar, baik di dalam maupun luar negeri. Salah satu ikan hias air tawar yang telah berhasil dibudidayakan adalah ikan komet (Carassius auratus). Ikan komet merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor ikan hias air tawar yang memiliki warna menarik dan eksotis, digemari sepanjang masa, warna indah pada ikan, disebabkan oleh kromatofor (sel pigmen) yang terletak pada lapisan epidermis yang digunakan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan dan aktivitas seksual, sedangkan jumlah dan letak pergerakan kromatofor mempengaruhi tinglat kecerahan warna pada sisik ikan. Biaya yang digunakan untuk penyediaan pakan dalam kegiatan pembesaran ikan menempati urutan terbesar. Penelitian ini di laksanakan selama 30 hari, di Instalasi Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Lingsar Lombok Barat Provinsi NTB. Hasil pertumbuhan Panjang yang didapatkan pada minggu ke 4 yaitu 8,4 cm, hasil pertumbuhan berat pada minggu ke 4 yaitu 18,8 g, nilai FCR yaitu 1,4, nilai SGR yaitu 3,3% dan nilai SR yaitu 100%. Nilai suhu 27-30 oC, nilai DO 7,9 mg/l, nilai pH 7. Adapun Kesimpulan pemilihan jenis pakan, waktu dan frekuensi pemberian pakan serta dosis dan metode pemberian pakan. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan ukuran 3 mm. Pemberian pakan dilakukan 2 kali sehari dengan metode biomassa (BBM).
Peningkatan Kualitas Limbah Bulu Ayam Sebagai Bahan Pakan Ikan dengan Metode Fermentasi Menggunakan Bakteri
Limbah hasil peternakan salah satunya bulu ayam yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan alternatif untuk meminimalisir biaya pengeluaran untuk pakan ikan. Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk menunjang pertumbuhan ikan sehingga butuh produksi yang sangat banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemanfaatan bulu ayam sebagai pakan alternatif. Bulu ayam berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak karena memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi, yaitu 80 - 90% dari bahan kering, melebihi kandungan protein kasar bungkil kedelai (42,5%) dan tepung ikan (66,5%). Potensi limbah bulu ayam di Indonesia kurang lebih sebanyak 167 ribu ton per tahun. Bulu ayam memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi, tetapi protein bulu ayam merupakan jenis protein yang sulit dicerna oleh ikan karena tergolong protein keratin. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengolah limbah bulu ayam hingga menjadi pakan yaitu proses fermentasi yang melibatkan bakteri Bacillus yang dapat mendegradasi keratin. Fermentasi bulu ayam menggunakan bakteri dapat meningkatkan kadar protein kasar sebanyak 2-15%. Tepung bulu ayam fermentasi pada pakan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan sebesar 2-5% lebih cepat.
EFFECT OF ADDING PINEAPPLE PEEL PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KULIT NANAS TERHADAP EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN DAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer)
Baramundi (Lates calcarifer) is a leading commodity in Indonesia, but it faces challenges in terms of feed efficiency. Feed is a key factor in determining production costs. Feed efficiency in fish will increase if the feed provided can be well-digested by the fish, allowing the energy obtained from the feed to be optimization. One effort to achieve this is by using pineapple peel waste as a source of the enzyme bromelain. The objective was to analyze the effect of adding pineapple peel extract on growth, feed utilization efficiency, digestion time, and the optimal dosage given to white snapper (Lates calcarifer). This research used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The aspects studied were the effectiveness of adding pineapple peel extract at different dosages to the feed with four treatments and four repetitions, resulting in 16 experimental units. P1 was without the addition of pineapple peel extract (control), P2 with the addition of 25 ml of pineapple peel extract per kg of feed, P3 with the addition of 50 ml of pineapple peel extract per kg of feed, and P4 with the addition of 75 ml of pineapple peel extract per kg of feed. Based on the results of the research concluded that adding pineapple peel extract at different dosages to the feed had a significantly different effect on absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed conversion, feed utilization efficiency, and stomach emptying time in white snapper. However, the addition of pineapple peel extract at different dosages to the feed did not have a significantly different effect on the survival rate of common carp. The best values in each test parameter were found in the treatment with adding 50 ml of pineapple peel extract per kg of feed
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Fish Nutrition
Addition of Fermented Seaweed (Euchema cottoni) flour Fermented With and Wihthout Molase in Tilapia Diets
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding fermented seaweed powder using molasses and without molasses in the feed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Fish Production and Reproduction, University of Mataram for 50 days from September to October 2022. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments tested were control (P1), E. cottoni seaweed flour fermented without molasses (P2), E. cottoni seaweed flour fermented using molasses (P3). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level with a 95% confidence interval and continued with Duncan's test. The results of the 50-day rearing period showed that the average absolute weight of tilapia ranged from 4.79-5.49 g, absolute length ranged from 4.36-5.43 cm, and specific growth rate ranged from 1.60-1. .78% per day. Meanwhile, feed utilization efficiency (EPP) values ​​ranged from 63-68%, feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 1.58-1.74 and survival (SR) ranged from 96-98%. While the average temperature is 27-30oC, the average pH value is 7.4-8.5, and the average DO value is between 4.5-8 m/mL. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of fermented E. cottoni seaweed flour had a significant effect on absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed utilization efficiency, and the fermentation process using molasses could be an alternative for growing tilapia.
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL OYSTER SPAT (Pinctada maxima) WITH A COMBINATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON Chaetoceros amami AND Nitzschia sp.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of the combination of Chaetoceros amami and Nitzschia sp. phytoplankton as natural food for the growth and survival of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima). The experimental method was used with five different treatments consisting of treatment A = C. amami 100%; B = C. amami 75% + Nitzschia sp. 25%; C = C. amami 50 % + Nitzschia sp. 50%; D = Nitzschia sp 75% + C. amami 25%; E = Nitzschia sp 100%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and the experimental units were randomly assigned using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This research aims to assess the optimal natural feed for pearl oyster spat. The results of this study showed that feeding in combination had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth value of pearl mussels (P. maxima), the highest value of absolute growth of pearl mussels (P. maxima) which was maintained for 21 days was obtained, namely in treatment B (C. Amami 75% + Nitzschia sp 25%) with a mean ± SD size of 7.5 ± 0.2 mm and the highest survival rate results in treatment B (C. amami 75% + Nitzschia sp 25%) namely 89%. The results of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the suitable natural feed to support the growth and survival of pearl oyster spat.
PENGARUH SUHU PEMELIHARAAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, LAJU FILTRASI PAKAN, DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP SPAT KERANG MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima)
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures on growth, feed filtration rate, and survival rate of pearl oyster spat (Pinctada maxima). The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with three temperature treatments (control/room temperature 29-31°C, 32°C, and 34°C) and four replications. Twenty-five-day-old spats were reared for 21 days in containers containing 10L of seawater with a density of 75 spats per container. Results showed that temperature significantly affected (p<0.05) spat growth and filtration rate. The highest growth was found at 34°C treatment with absolute growth of 5.11±0.05 mm, relative growth of 211.2±2.25%, and specific growth rate of 5.55±0.04%/day. The highest filtration rate was also recorded at 34°C (140.4±2.1 ml/hour/spat). However, the highest survival rate was found at 32°C (83.3±2.6%). These results indicate that temperatures of 32-34°C can be recommended for pearl oyster spat cultivation, considering the balance between optimal growth and survival rate.
OPTIMIZING GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MILKFISH (CHANOS CHANOS) FRY BY OLIVE OIL SUPPLEMENTATION IN COMMERCIAL FEED
This study aims to evaluate the effect of olive oil supplementation in commercial feed on the growth and survival rate of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fry. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications: control without oil addition (A), fish oil 1 ml/30 g feed (B), olive oil 0.5 ml/30 g feed (C), olive oil 1 ml/30 g feed (D), and olive oil 1.5 ml/30 g feed (E). The results showed that olive oil supplementation significantly affected growth and survival (p<0.05). Treatment D (olive oil 1 ml/30 g feed) demonstrated the best performance with absolute weight growth of 0.40 g, relative weight growth of 366.7%, specific daily weight growth rate of 3.48%/day, and relative length growth percentage of 172.2%. This treatment resulted in the highest survival rate of 86.7%. These values were significantly higher compared to other treatments, including fish oil supplementation. These findings indicate that olive oil supplementation at a dose of 1 ml/30 g feed can effectively optimize the growth and survival of milkfish fry, and has the potential to become a sustainable alternative to fish oil in aquaculture feed formulations.
PENGARUH HORMON OVAGOLD TERHADAP FEKUNDITAS DAN SINTASAN BERAT INDUKAN YANG BERBEDA LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus) DI BALAI BESAR PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA AIR TAWAR (BBPBAT) SUKABUMI
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh hormon Ovagold terhadap fekunditas dan tingkat sintasan indukan lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) dengan berat badan yang berbeda di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BBPBAT) Sukabumi. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan dengan memberikan hormon Ovagold pada kelompok indukan dengan berat badan yang berbeda. Parameter yang diukur meliputi jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, tingkat penetasan, dan tingkat sintasan larva. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon Ovagold secara signifikan meningkatkan fekunditas dan tingkat penetasan telur pada berbagai berat badan indukan. Selain itu, tingkat sintasan larva juga mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, menunjukkan bahwa hormon Ovagold memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja reproduksi dan kelangsungan hidup awal benih lele Sangkuriang. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hormon Ovagold dapat menjadi alat yang efektif dalam meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya lele di BBPBAT Sukabumi. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan dosis dan metode aplikasi untuk hasil yang lebih baik.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens) DALAM FORMULASI PAKAN IKAN BAWAL (Colossoma macropomum) AIR TAWAR
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan tepung maggot dalam formulasi pakan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan bawal (C. macropomum) air tawar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu: 0% tepung maggot (P0), 10% tepung maggot (P1), 20% tepung maggot (P2), 30% tepung maggot (P3). Parameter yang diamati yaitu, berat mutlak, panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan tepung maggot dengan perlakuan berbeda dalam formulasi pakan hanya mempengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan bawal air tawar. Penambahan konsentrasi tepung maggot dalam formulasi pakan dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup memberikan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan pada penambahan tepung maggot. Penambahan tepung maggot 10% memiliki kemampuan yang sama dengan perlakuan kontrol dalam meningkatkan nilai kelangsungan hidup ikan bawal (C. macropomum) air tawar sebesar 75,6% - 91,1%.
PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG GURITA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.)
Catfish is a freshwater commodity often found in traditional and modern markets. Cultivation is also carried out in almost all regions, but the obstacle is feed availability. Therefore, we are looking for feed ingredients that are widely available and capable of increasing catfish growth quickly. Octopus is a fishery commodity abundant in certain seasons and requires processing so that it is not wasted. Octopus can be made into meal and used as raw material for catfish feed. The research aimed to analyze the effect of adding octopus meal to commercial feed for the growth of catfish (Clarias sp.). This research used an experimental method with 4 treatments (P1: 100% pellets, 0% octopus (without addition), P2: 98% pellets, 2% octopus meal, P3: 96% pellets, 4% octopus meal, P4: 94% pellets, 6% octopus meal) and 3 repetitions. The results showed that the addition of octopus meal increased the growth of catfish with the best treatment, namely the P4 treatment. Adding octopus meal to commercial feed gave significant results on absolute weight growth, specific weight growth, absolute length growth, specific length growth, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency level but did not affect the survival rate of catfish.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN LARVA BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF) SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN HEWANI DALAM PAKAN IKAN
Abundant organic waste has the potential to pollute the environment, so proper management is needed so that organic waste can become an economically valuable material. Bioconversion by maggot Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) is one of the effective methods to process organic waste into animal protein sources that can be used as fish and livestock feed. BSF maggot is able to reduce organic waste up to 78.9% per day and has a protein content of 30-45% and fat 24-30%. The maggot life cycle involves several phases from egg to adult, with temperature playing an important role in this process. Maggot also shows great potential in improving fish growth and health, and can be used as an efficient and highly nutritious alternative feed ingredient.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI Kappaphycus alvarezii SEBAGAI BAHAN ADITIF DALAM PAKAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)
Feed additives are added in small quantities to improve feed quality and improve feed efficiency. Seaweed can be used as a feed additive because it contains nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. One type of seaweed that can be used as a feed additive is Kappaphycus alvarezii. The step to maximize the nutritional content of seaweed flour is through fermentation. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the long fermentation time of bioflocculants on Kappaphycus alvarezii as an additive in feed for the growth and efficiency of goldfish feed utilization. This study used a Complete Random Design method with three treatments and four replicates, namely P0 (Fermentation 144 hours (6 days)), P1 (Fermentation 192 hours (8 days)) and P2 (Fermentation 240 hours (10 days)). The results showed that P2 treatment had a real effect on absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency (EPP), feed conversion ratio (FCR), but had no effect on the survival rate of goldfish. The best treatment in this study refers to the absolute length value, feed conversion ratio, and feed utilization efficiency, namely P2 treatment. Meanwhile, referring to the absolute weight value and specific growth rate, the P2 and P1 treatments were better than the P0 treatments.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PEMBERIAN PAKAN PELET DAN PAKAN NABATI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy)
Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) is one of the freshwater fishery commodities that are in great demand by the public, both by consumers and cultivators. Consumers like gouramy because it tastes delicious and tasty, while cultivators like gourami because it has a higher selling price compared to other freshwater fishery commodities. Feed is an important component in fish farming activities. Feed is a source of material and energy to support the growth and survival of fish, on the other hand feed is also the largest component of 50-70% of production costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding a combination of pellets and vegetable feed on the growth and survival of gouramy and to see the best type of vegetable feed. The results of the research were the results of the test parameters measured during the study, namely absolute weight growth, specific weight growth, absolute length growth, specific length growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency level (EPP), and survival rate (SR). As well as water quality data including the degree of acidity (pH), temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia and alkalinity. The results of parameter measurements showed that the P4 treatment showed the best results for each parameter that had been observed. The effect of giving a combination of pellet feed and vegetable feed on gourami (Osphronemus gouremy) seed cultivation gave insignificant results on absolute weight growth, specific weight growth, absolute length growth, specific length growth, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency level, and survival rate live gourami. Treatment 3 (a mixture of pellets and papaya leaves) gave the best results compared to other treatments.
Gurame fish, fish feed, papaya leaves, alas leaves, kale leaves
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG GURITA (Octopus sp.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.)
Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk malakukan analisa pengaruh kombinasi penambahan tepung gurita terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Aspek yang diteliti adalah pengaruh Aspek yang di teliti adalah melihat laju pertumbuhan benih ikan lele dengan menggunakan kombinasi pakan yang dicampurkan dengan tepung daging gurita. Parameter yang diteliti adalah bagaimana pengaruh kombinasi penambahan tepung gurita sebagai bahan baku ikan lele, sehingga diperoleh 12 percobaan. Perlakuan 1: Penambahan 100% pakan komersil, 0% tepung gurita Perlakuan 2 : Penambahan 98% pakan komersil, 2% tepung gurita, Perlakuan 3 : Penambahan 96% pakan komersil, 4% tepung gurita, Perlakuan 4: Penambahan 94% pakan komersil, 6% tepung gurita. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak pada perlakuan 4 senilai 5,44 gram, laju pertumbuhan berat spesifik senilai 2,60%, nilai laju pertumbuhan panjajng mutlak sebesar 3,30 cm, laju pertumbuhan Panjang spesifik senilai 0,81%, dan pada tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan 3 dan 4 sebesar 100%, nilai efisiensi pakan tertinggi pada perlakuan 4 sebesar 87,54%, dan rasio konversi pakan terendah pada perlakuan 4 senilai 1,13. Untuk hasil parameter kualitas air suhu 26,8-30,10C, DO 3,6-5,2 mg/L, dan pH 7,5-8,4.
Potential Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste in fisheries (Review)
The global demand for coffee is increasing each year, and as a result, the number of debris that will be generated will also be as large as coffee husks. Therefore, efforts must be made to employ coffee husks. In the disciplines of biogas, fertilizers, bioethanol, biofuels, enzymes, and bioactive compounds, efforts have been made to utilize coffee husks. However, only two researchers have investigated the use of coffee husks as an alternative raw material and preservative for tilapia flesh in the fisheries industry. This article explains the prospective use of coffee husks in the fisheries sector, particularly in fish farming and processing.
Utilization of Coffee pulp in Aquaculture (Review)
From several decades ago until today, coffee consumption has been a cultural norm. Coffee pulp (CP) is a byproduct of the initial separation of husks or seeds from coffee fruits. The increase in coffee production will lead to an increase in CP residues and refuse, which, if left unchecked, will result in environmental issues. Several previous studies have attempted to address this waste by focusing on organic fertilizer products, enhancing soil conditions, biological control, animal feed, and human sustenance. However, only a small number of researchers have conducted studies utilizing CP, and most of them have not been successful in incorporating this raw material into fish nutrition. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to characterize the potential of CP in the field of aquaculture so that additional research can be conducted using this raw material.