Human Urinary Rna Exosome: Optimizing Methods Of Isolations And Sample Preparation For Transcriptome
Introduction: Human urine is potential bio-fluid to study as a diagnostic biomarker methods. There are substances that secreted from metabolism residue and damaged cell, including genetic substances that cast away through urine, and also RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). Recently, RNA (coding-ncRNAs) has been developed for diagnosis method because it could represent profile expression in the cell. Furthermore, RNA urinary isolation methods is important to be established to get reliable biomarker non-invasive compared to tissue biopsy. In fact that optimization method for isolation RNA from urine is not clear. So that, the optimization and stability storage study are needed to be used as reference standard protocol. This study performed to know the optimization methods of RNA isolation from urine samples and RNA concentration stability storage for transcriptomic (non-coding RNA) analysis. Methods: Each sample was collected as many 15 mL in the morning and treated with lysis solution from different manufacturers (Qiagen, Ambion, Geneid, control without buffer). ANOVA Statistic analysis was performed to know significant difference between methods used. Results: RNA stability measuring of RNA and DNA observed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13-day by P-value > 0.01. at the same time, RNA stability storage is known to decrease consistently by 0.1-1 ng each day. Quantifikasi miRNA could be done from urine samples. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between all the methods used.
urine, lysis buffer, RNA isolation, stability
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Lombok Journal Of Urology
URINARY BLADDER DIVERTICULUM MANAGEMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW
The bladder urothelium herniating through the muscularis propria of the bladder wall is known as a bladder diverticulum. Both congenital and acquired bladder diverticulum are possible. They occasionally have iatrogenic causes in adulthood and are frequently linked to obstruction of the bladder outlet. Although they are frequently seen in males with bladder obstruction, the majority of diverticula are small and only need the same management as outlet obstructions. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTIs), stones, tumors, ureteral blockage, and symptoms of insufficient bladder emptying are all indications for surgery. The type of surgery chosen depends on how much the patient's condition is due to the bladder diverticulum, as established by cystoscopy, urodynamics, and upper tract imaging.
RADICAL CYSTECTOMY ON A YOUNG MALE LOMBOKNESE BLADDER ADENOCARCINOMA PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Background: Bladder Cancer is a common malignancy in the world, mostly with Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Carcinoma type pathological result. Adenocarcinoma is one of rare cases in histological variant of bladder cancer. It could be primary or secondary due to metastatic of primary organ.1,2 Case Presentation: A 30 years old Lomboknese male was admitted to West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital with history of TURBT and partial cystectomy due to bladder adenocarcinoma 8 months before. On abdominal ct scan result was found recurrent cancer with infiltrating to adjacent organ. Patient then performed radical cystectomy with ileal conduit. Intra operatively, we found recurrent bladder mass that had infiltrated the colon, then we consulted to digestive surgeon to perform end to end anastomosis colorectal resection. Patient was treated in ICU for 3 days, then moved to general ward with functional ileal conduit diversion. Discussion: Patient with history of partial cystectomy need to be aware in follow up especially with MSCT Abdomen evaluation.1,2 Radical cystectomy is preferred than partial cystectomy for bladder adenocarcinoma to prevent recurrency. Ileal conduit is one of the options in the urinary diversion.3,4,5 Conclusion: Patient underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit due to recurrence bladder adenocarcinoma post partial cystectomy. Patient was well monitored in ICU and had well functional of urinary diversion. Keywords: Bladder Adenocarcinoma, Radical Cystectomy, Partial Cystectomy, Recurrence Bladder Tumor
CARDIOTOXICITY CAUSED BY INTRAVESICAL DOXORUBICIN (DOX) AFTER TURBT: A CASE REPORT
Abstract Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) remains the gold standard therapy for diagnosing and treating Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Post-operative intravesical chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) is recommended to reduce recurrence. However, its cardiotoxic effects are underappreciated. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness of the cardiotoxic effects of DOX during the treatment of bladder cancer.
A CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PRIMARY BLADDER ADENOCARCINOMA: LITERATURE REVIEW
Bladder adenocarcinoma is a histological variant that only represents 0.5-2% of cases. The bladder cancer is expected to affect one in 27 men and one in 89 women over the course of their lifetime, with a lifetime risk of approximately 2.2% in the general population in the united states. The bladder can develop primary or secondary adenocarcinomas, with secondary adenocarcinomas being more frequent than primary adenocarcinomas. The primary bladder adenocarcinoma falls into two broad categories: urachal and non-urachal. Patients with non- urachal primary bladder adenocarcinoma appear to have a worse prognosis than those with urachal adenocarcinoma. It is essential to know better about the diagnosis, current treatment and prognosis of the primary bladder adenocarcinoma. Here we describe the article review regarding the primary bladder adenocarcinoma
OPEN PROSTATECTOMY FOR BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA: A CASE REPORT
Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common pathological condition in many middle-aged and elderly men that causes Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome (LUTS). Several surgical options for BPH are Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) and Open Prostatectomy. Prostate volume is an important factor in choosing a suitable modality. In Indonesia, the prevalance of open prostatectomy is quite rare, but this surgical option remains the first choice, especially for prostates with a large size of more than 80 grams. Case Summary: A 74-year-old male patient complained of urination that was felt since 1 day ago, the intermittent urination experienced since 1 month ago and when urinating the patient must force himself so that the urine comes out and the patient feels dissatisfied when urinating. The digital rectal examination showed that the anal sphincter clamped on the anterior mucosa was palpated with a mass of 3-4 cm with a consistency of flat surface, firm boundary, the apex was difficult to achieve. No palpable nodules and no hands and blood in the handscoon. And on prostate ultrasound examination and prostate enlargement results obtained with 189.89 cc prostate volume. Open prostatectomy surgery is performed. Conclusion: Open prostatectomy surgery is removing all prostate tissue so that there is no more prostate tissue obstructs when urinating. In this operation, an open prostatectomy is performed by removing all prostate tissue. The results after surgery the patient's condition improved, it was not difficult during urination and complications after the operation was not obtained. Keywords: Bening Prostatic Hyperplasia, diagnostic of BPH, open prostatectomy
MANAGEMENT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER: LITERATURE REVIEW
Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is a common condition characterized by urinary urgency, with or without urgency incontinence, frequency and nocturia, in the absence of any other pathology. Clinical diagnosis based upon patient self-reported symptoms. Currently there are plenty of treatments available for the management of OAB. Clinical guidelines suggest treatment via a multidisciplinary pathway including behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy, which can be commenced in primary care, with referral to specialist services in those patients refractory to these treatments. Intradetrusor botulinum A and sacral neuromodulation provide safe and efficacious management of refractory OAB. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and augmentation cystoplasty remain available and efficacious in a select group of patients. Unfortunately, there remains a high rate of patient dissatisfaction and discontinuation in all treatments and thus there remains a need for emerging therapies in the management of OAB.
Factors Associated With The Length of Stay in Hospital of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Patient Who Undergo Transurethral Resection Of Prostate (TURP) Surgery At West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital Mataram In 2012-2017
Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor that occurs in elderly men. Complaints of BPH patients are mostly in the form of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). TURP is the gold standard surgical procedure in BPH patients. LUTS that are suffered by patients is related to the high cost of personal and community medicine. Length of stay is one of the sources of treatment costs. It needs further investigation regarding the factors associated with the length of stay so that patient care can be more effective and efficient. Method: This research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 173 BPH patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined based on age, prostate volume, length of stay, comorbidities, and complications of surgery. Analysis of bivariate correlation was performed using the Spearman and Contingency Coefficients correlation test according to variable data scales. Results: From 173 patients, the average age was 65.55 years, the average prostate volume was 72.44 ml with the majority of patients in the grade III category (40.46%), and the average length of stay for 6.27 days. 80.9% of patients had concomitant diseases, 54.34% of patients had bleeding complications, and no patients had TUR syndrome. Correlation test showed no significant relationship between length of stay and age (p = 0.663); prostate volume (p = 0.910); hypertensive comorbidities (p = 0.775), CAD (p = 0.459), hypertension and DM (p = 0.661), hypertension and CAD (p = 0.251); and complications of surgical bleeding (p = 0.715). Conclusions: There was no association between age, prostate volume, comorbidities, and surgical complications with the length of stay in BPH patients who underwent TURP surgery at West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital Mataram in 2012-2017. Keywords: Length of stay, BPH, TURP
CHARACTERISTICS OF VARICOCELE PATIENTS AFTER VARICOCELECTOMY IN BIOMEDIKA MATARAM HOSPITAL 2018-2020
ABSTRACT Background: Varicocele is an abnormal venous dilatation in the pampiniform plexus which affects 15% of the men population in all age groups. An understanding of the characteristics of varicocele patients can help determine the appropriate indication for therapy, so it is very important for the success of varicocele therapy. However, currently, it is still rare to find data that specifically discuss the characteristics of varicocele patients, especially those undergoing varicocelectomy in Mataram. This research is aimed to investigate the characteristic of varicocele patients who underwent varicocelectomy in Biomedika Mataram Hospital from 2018 through 2020. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive research with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used in this research is total sampling which will collect secondary data in the form of medical records of all varicocele patients who underwent varicocelectomy in Biomedika Mataram Hospital from 2018 through 2020. Results: This research found that varicocele patients who underwent varicocelectomy were mostly in the 26-45 years old age group with 26 patients (65%), with infertility disorder (26 patients; 72,5%). It was also found that 28 patients came with left unilateral varicocele (70%), 15 patients grade I varicocele, and 21 patients abnormal results in semen analysis (52,5%) with the most prevalent interpretation is azoospermia (6 patients; 28,6%). All patients underwent Ivanissevich varicocelectomy (40 patients; 100%), and the number of veins that were ligated during the procedure was 2-5 veins in 30 patients (75%). Conclusion: Varicocele patients who underwent varicocelectomy were mainly in the 26-45 years old group, has an infertility disorder, left unilateral type, grade I, and an abnormal semen analysis with the interpretation of azoospermia. All of the patients underwent Ivannissevich varicocelectomy with the number of ligated veins was 2-5 veins in most patients. Keywords: Varicocele, varicocelectomy, characteristics
RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON THE EVENT OF KIDNEY STONES IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE GENERAL HOSPITAL
ABSTRACT Background: Urinary tract stone disease is one of the diseases with a high rate of incidence in Indonesia based on the number of patients who come to Urology outpatient care center. One of the risk factors for urinary tract stones is a systemic disease, including hypertension and obesity. Based on previous research, there are studies who state that there was no relationship between body mass index and the incidence of urinary tract stones, other studies state that there was a relationship between body mass index and the incidence of urinary tract stones. The difference in the results of these studies prompted researchers to conduct research related to the relationship between body mass index and the incidence of urinary tract stones, especially in West Nusa Tenggara specifically in Mataram area. Methods: The research method used was an analytic observational study. The research design used was cross-sectional. Study subjects were reqruited from medical record patient of urology outoatient department. In this research design, researchers conducted an analysis related to the relationship between variables. Results: 69 kidney stone patients at the West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital were enrolled. Characteristics of respondents are based on age, most of them were aged of 56 years old and over, as many as 28 patients (40.58%), most of subjects were male, most of them did not finish primary school as many 29 patients (42.03), and ocupations mostly not working. While the nutritional status is mostly normal, as many as 46 respondents with a percentage of 66.67%. Conclusion: This study shows that body mass index and age have a relationship with the incidence of kidney stones, while occupation and gender have no relationship with the said incidence.
Kidney stones, age, occupation, gender, nutritional status
Literature Review : Kidney Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer)
Kidney transitional cell carcinoma or upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is a rare malignant tumor that affects approximately 5% of all urothelial carcinoma cases. Various risk factors for this disease have been identified, including genetic and environmental such as smoking, aromatic amines exposure, aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy, analgesic abuse, chemotherapy regimens, and chronic urinary tract infections. Gross hematuria is the most common symptom of UTUC and only a small percentage of patients is asymptomatic. Radio-imaging has become main modalities for diagnosis of UTUC, mostly computer tomography urography (CTU) because of visualization ability of the lesion. Resection are the most treatment for low grade tumor and combine with immunotherapy for high grade tumor. Grade and stage of the disease have the most significant influence factors on survival rate. Keywords: Kidney, Transitional cell carcinoma, UTUC
Large Bladder Stone in Sasak Young Teen Boy: A Case Report
Background: The incidence of bladder stone in children approximately 1-2% of that in adults, and are common in the first 3 years old and more than 60 years old. Children in underdeveloped countries are more likely to have endemic bladder stones. Large bladder stones in children are not very common. The choice of treatment depends on the number, size, location, composition of the stones and the anatomy of the urinary tract. Case Presentation: A Sasak young teen boy, 12 years old, complained pain on micturition in the last 5 years. The pain became worse in the last one week before admission. On abdominal ultrasound and plain abdominal x-ray, we found large bladder stone with diameter 4 cm. Then we performed open cystolithotomy on this patient. One day after surgery, patient discharged from hospital with urethral catheter still inserted. Discussion: The incidence of endemic bladder stones is higher in developing nation mostly in families with low protein and phosphate diets, and recurrent diarrhea. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to the presence of urgency, frequency, incontinence, fever, hematuria, etc. In pediatric bladder stones, conventional open cystolithotomy has been considered the gold standard surgical procedure. Conclusion : The incidence of bladder stones in children living in endemic areas is mostly caused by nutritional problems. Prevention, early diagnosis and management of bladder stones in the pediatric age group is very important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Large bladder stone, endemic bladder stone, young teen boy, open cystolithotomy
Percutaneous Nefrolitotomy in Duplex Collecting System
ABSTRACT Duplex renal collecting systems are a common congenital abnormality. One of the complications of this is renal calculi. Management of renal calculi in this patient is complex. We describe a patient with renal calculus in duplex collecting system whom was performed PCNL. A 53-year-old male complained pain on the right flank for several weeks. No complained of dysuria, LUTS or gross haematuria. He has had several episodes of UTIs in the past. He has history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. One of the most common anomalies of the urinary tract, duplex collecting system of the kidney has a reported prevalence of 1 in 125 births. Minimal invasive techniques are advantageous in stone removal due to satisfactory stone clearance, reduced hospital stay, early recovery, and reduced analgesia requirement. PCNL in anomalous kidney is a safe and feasible procedure similar to normally located kidney but requires careful preoperative planning and one has to be vigilant for all possible intra and post-operative complications.
Identification Of Studentâ€™s Perceptions About Medical Skills Learning System Of Urine Cateter Insertion At Medical Faculty Of Mataram University
Background: Mastery of students in medical skills is a very important aspect that will bridge the gap between clinical competence and knowledge of procedures. Based on the 2012 Indonesian Doctor Competency Standards, urinary catheter installation skills have 4A competencies, which means that a primary care doctor graduate must be able to do it independently. Students' perceptions of the learning system and learning environment will be the basis for maximizing and varying the learning system and environment. The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the obstacles for students in learning, especially in the field of medical skills. Where the learning system which was originally an offline method turned into online learning. Currently, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram is also facing online learning skills. This study aims to determine student perceptions of the urinary catheter insertion skill learning system at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram. Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional research design in the fifth and seventh semester students of the Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram. Sample filling out a questionnaire about the perception of medical skills urinal insertion. Furthermore, the search for the relationship between the learning method with the results of the main exam and whether there are differences in perceptions with the student skills learning method. Results: From 196 respondents consisting of men (34.7%) and women (65.3%), semester V (51%) and semester VII (49%) with an age range of 19-23 years. Good perception of medical skills in inserting a urinary catheter is seen from the percentage of motivational factors (96.9%), instructors (89.8%-100%), self-awareness (99%-100%), learning atmosphere (81.1%-100%). 96.9%), facilities and infrastructure (43.4%-89.3%), self-confidence (57.7%-99.5%), and clinical learning environment (89.8%). The bad perception is only found in the difference between learning on the mannequin and the patient (56.6%). The results of the bivariate study using the chi-square test found that there was no relationship between the learning method of urinary catheter insertion skills and the results of the main exam for students (p > 0.05), p = 0.474, and there was no significant difference between the level of perception and the skills learning method. student medical. Conclusion: All students have a good perception of the medical skills learning system for urinary catheter insertion. There is no relationship between learning methods and students' main exam results. And there was no significant difference between the level of perception and the student's medical skills learning method.
student perception, medical skills, urinary catheter insertion
Relationship Of Age And Urinating Behavior With The Incidence Of Overactive Bladder (Oab) In Female Nurses At Risa Sentra Medika Mataram Hospital
Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic syndrome that has a major influence on the quality of life of sufferers. OAB is a prevalent disease, with a general incidence of 16.5%. Female nurses are more likely to get OAB because of their working conditions and poor urinating behavior. Because the risk of infection is greater due to the short urethra in female nurses, so researchers aim to find out the incidence of OAB sufferers in female nurses of the surgical section at Risa Hospital by using OABSS. Method: This research is a correlative analytical study with a cross sectional design. Cross sectional research is a study whose measurement of variables is done only once at a time. Result: In this study, 56 samples met the criteria as study subjects, 16 samples had OAB (28.6%) and the rest did not experience OAB. The sample of OAB was divided into 13 mild OAB (23.2%) and 3 moderate OAB (5.4%). The average score of the urinating behavior is 0.47. The average age of respondents was 32 years, with the most age being 28 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of OAB cases in female nurses in the study was 16 samples (28.6%). Respondents with OAB had an average of worse urination habit scores. Respondents with OAB had a higher average age. The urinating behavior has a very weak opposite correlation with the incidence of OAB in female nurses. Age has a very weak correlation with the incidence of OAB in female nurses. Keyword: OAB, age, urination habits, Female nurse
Horseshoe kidneys are identified as having functioning renal masses present on both sides of the vertebral column fused together with ureters that remain uncrossed from the renal hilum to the urinary bladder. The anomaly is characterized by the fusion of the two distinct kidneys at the lower poles (in most of the cases), in the front of the body midline, through an isthmus of functional renal parenchyma or by fibrous tissue. Incidence of horseshoe kidney is 0.25% in general population and more frequent in male (male : female ratio = 2:1)
horseshoe kidney, anatomy, embryology, diagnosis, treatment
Introduction: Paraphimosis is an emergency uncommon condition in which penile foreskin retracted to proximal and cannot be returned to its normal anatomic position.This condition occurs when the uncircumcised or partial circumcised male penis retracted for an extended period of time. In Indonesia, many men had been circumcised in the past not by doctor nor nurse, but traditional physician. They performed partial circumcision, so there was still foreskin covers part of glans penis that can cause paraphimosis. Method: We report one case, partial circumcised 60 years old man, came to Namira Islamic Hospital with complained swelling and pain on his penis since a night before. Before that, he pulled his penile foreskin backward. Then the foreskin made constriction band of tissue on the middle of his penile body. He went to nearby clinic and then referred to Namira Islamic hospital, East Lombok, and diagnosed as paraphimosis. We performed emergency surgery later. Results: We found constriction band of tissue on his middle part of his penile body. Distal part of constriction ring became swelling, and skin color became dark purple. Then we performed dorsal slit procedure continued with circumcision. After procedure, penis color became normal. Discussion: Paraphimosis most often happens in boys and older man. It is still can happen on partial circumcised man, because there is foreskin extent, which could become risk factor of paraphimosis. Treatment of paraphimosis is dorsal slit procedure with or without circumcision.
paraphimosis, dorsal slit procedure, circumcision